Knowledge popularization of diodes, transistors, and inductors

1、 Diode

A diode is a semiconductor device and one of the most common devices in electronics. It is composed of p-type and n-type semiconductors and has unidirectional conductivity, which means it can only conduct under forward voltage and turn off under reverse voltage. There are many types of diodes, including ordinary diodes, Schottky diodes, light-emitting diodes, etc.

1. Ordinary Diode

Ordinary Diodes, also known as rectifier Diodes, are one of the most common types of diodes. Its main function is to convert alternating current into direct current, and it can also be used for signal detection, voltage stability, and other purposes. In general, the forward operating voltage of a regular Diode is 0.6-0.7V, and the reverse breakdown voltage is around 50-100V.

2. Schottky diode

Schottky Diode is a special type of Diode composed of an n-type semiconductor and a metal. Schottky Diodes have the characteristics of low forward voltage drop and fast recovery speed, and are commonly used in high-frequency circuits, high-speed switches, and other fields.

3. Light Emitting Diodes

Light emittingDiodes are devices that can convert electrical energy into light energy, commonly used in indicator lights, digital tubes, display screens, and other applications. The working principle of light-emitting Diodes is similar to that of ordinary diodes, but their structure and materials are different. The color and brightness of a light-emitting Diode depend on its semiconductor material and doping type.

2、 Transistor

A transistor, also known as a crystal transistor, is a semiconductor device composed of three regions: the emitter region, the base region, and the collector region. Transistors have multiple functions such as amplification, switching, and voltage stabilization, and are widely used in various electronic devices.

1. Magnifying effect

The amplification function of a transistor is one of its most important functions. By controlling the base current, the collector current can be amplified by tens or even hundreds of times. The amplification factor of a transistor depends on its working state, load resistance, and other factors.

2. Function of the switch

The switching function of a transistor is to convert an input signal into an output signal, commonly used in low-frequency switching circuits, timers, and other applications. In the on/off state, the collector current of a transistor can reach several hundred milliamps or even several amperes, so the transistor is also known as an "electronic switch".

3. Voltage stabilizing effect

The transistor can also be used as a voltage regulator to control the collector current through the base voltage, thereby achieving stable control of the output voltage. The transistor regulator has the advantages of simplicity, reliability, and low cost, and is commonly used in power circuits of various electronic devices.

3、 Inductor

An inductor is a device capable of storing electromagnetic energy, consisting of a coil and a magnetic core. The main function of an inductor is to filter, stabilize, transform, and regulate signals, and it is commonly used in various electronic devices.

1. Filtering function

Inductors can filter current through their impedance characteristics, removing unwanted signals such as high-frequency noise and clutter, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the system. The filtering function of inductors is commonly used in various power supplies, amplifiers, filters, and other circuits.

2. Voltage stabilizing effect

Inductors can also be used as voltage regulators to control voltage fluctuations in circuits through their inductance characteristics, thereby achieving stable control of output voltage. Inductor voltage regulators are commonly used in various high-precision circuits, RF circuits, and other fields.

3. Voltage transformation effect

Inductors can achieve voltage transformation by changing the number of turns of the coil, the material of the magnetic core, etc., converting input voltage into output voltage. The voltage transformation function of inductors is commonly used in various power supplies, amplifiers, frequency converters, and other circuits.

In short, Diodes, transistors, and inductors are one of the most basic and commonly used devices in electronics. For electronic engineers and enthusiasts, mastering the principles and applications of these devices is very important